2013年3月11日 星期一

中國智慧手機業嚴重依賴 Google/ 歐盟委員會:微軟要上繳數億歐元罰金




中國智慧手機業被指嚴重依賴Android
英國《金融時報》 席佳琳 北京報導



中國政府的一個智庫警告稱,中國智慧手機行業過於依賴穀歌(Google)Android移動作業系統,指控這家美國公司歧視本土企業。

“我國移動作業系統研發對Android系統存在嚴重路徑依賴,”中國工業和資訊化部電信研究院在一份報告中表示。

此言出爐之際,Android日漸明顯的主宰地位在全球移動運營商圈子裏引發了緊張。上月,在“世界移動通信大會”(Mobile World Congress)會展期間,有多家運營商支援Mozilla Firefox推出的一款新移動作業系統,以求削弱蘋果(Apple)和谷歌在智慧手機領域的絕對優勢地位。

“這並非中國特有的問題,面對Android的主導地位,這是一個正在世界各地浮出水面的問題,”北京科技諮詢公司BDA董事長鄧肯•克拉克(Duncan Clark)表示。

該中國智庫稱,儘管Android是一種開源系統,但“其核心技術和技術路線受到穀歌公司的嚴格控制,導致我國作業系統研發企業時刻面臨穀歌的商業歧視,如延遲代碼共用時間、通過商業協定制約終端企業等”。

工業和資訊化部是中國電信業監管機構,該部旗下的智庫發表這一見解,也反映了中國政策制定者長期抱有的受挫感,即本土企業在全球科技價值鏈中缺乏實力。

去年,中國智慧手機市場的發貨量超過美國,成為全球最大智慧手機市場。根據工信部電信研究院的研究,Android在中國市場所占份額已從2009年的區區0.6%,大幅增至去年的86.4%

多家中國企業,包括電子商務集團阿裏巴巴(Alibaba)、線上搜索公司百度(Baidu)以及手機製造商小米(Xiaomi),推出了自己的移動作業系統,但這些系統都不過是定制版本的Android

去年,阿裏巴巴曾計畫與臺灣電腦廠商宏碁(Acer)聯手推出一款智慧手機,但後來取消了這個計畫。當時阿裏巴巴高管表示,穀歌對宏碁施加了壓力。

分析師們表示,穀歌也許擔心,阿裏巴巴正試圖利用基本的Android技術,開發一種與之競爭的作業系統。

工信部電信研究院的《移動互聯網白皮書》哀歎中國開發商的技術起點太低,起步又太晚,擁有的生態系統太小太弱,難以讓設備製造商採用自己的作業系統。

與政策制定者和監管機構關係密切的一個機構發出這些抱怨,可能引發外界擔心,即穀歌可能在中國遭遇新的麻煩。2010年,穀歌在圍繞審查和駭客入侵問題與中國官方發生高調對峙後,幾乎完全退出了中國搜索市場。

不過,觀察人士相信,北京方面幾乎沒有什麼處罰物件了。可能幫助谷歌增加流量的應用,如穀歌搜索引擎、谷歌地圖應用以及Gmail應用,在中國官方管道銷售的Android設備上都不見蹤影;這些設備都換裝了國內開發的同類應用。

記者一時聯繫不上穀歌請其置評。

譯者/何黎

中國工信部下屬的電信研究院發佈報告說﹐中國過於依賴谷歌的安卓平台﹐指責谷歌利用其領先地位歧視中國企業﹐這凸顯出谷歌和中國政府的關係仍然緊張。
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歐盟委員會:微軟要上繳數億歐元罰金
布魯塞爾

歐盟委員會做出對美國軟體巨頭微軟處以巨額罰款的決定,微軟須交納約5.6億歐元的罰金。在本週三,歐盟委員會在布魯塞爾公佈這項決定時表示,在2011 5月到20127月之間,微軟公司違反了歐盟委員會的規定,未給用戶及時提供簡便的安裝其他公司流覽器的可能。歐盟委員會還表示,這是首家因為沒有履 行這樣的規定而受到歐盟處罰的公司。

數年前,歐盟委員會就向微軟提出指控,表示該公司將自己的"Internet Explorer"流覽器與“Windows”作業系統捆綁在一起,從而使消費者沒有其他網路流覽器的選項。

2009年年末,微軟和有關當局達成協定,微軟將給Windows用戶連續5年提供一個流覽器選項螢幕,讓消費者可以更容易的使用其他流覽器。歐盟委員 會現在做出確認,從在20115月到20127月之間,微軟違反了這項規定,因為Windows 7的大約1500萬歐洲用戶除了微軟公司流覽器之外,並沒有其他選項。

E.U. Fines Microsoft $732 Million Over Antitrust Law

BRUSSELS — The fine, for failing to give Windows users the choice of competing Web browsers, is the first levied by the European Commission for neglecting to comply with an antitrust settlement.



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