2025年7月23日 星期三

【美國 AI 行動計畫】Trump Plans to Give A.I. Developers a Free Hand With executive orders and an “A.I. Action Plan” to promote American dominance of the technology, President Trump declared that the United States needed to win the A.I. race.

 沈榮欽

【美國 AI 行動計畫】
美國總統川普在在華府舉行的 AI 峰會上表示,曾經考慮過分拆輝達促進競爭,後來幕僚告知產業複雜性才作罷。黃仁勳上台演講時也表示:「美國有一個其他國家無法擁有的獨特優勢,那就是川普總統。」
白宮也同步公布《America's AI Action Plan》,表示已經廢除拜登前總統 14110 關於 AI 的行政命令,該行政命令雖然與川普的計畫大同小異,但是要求每個聯邦部門建立 AI 使用紀錄與 AI 官員(CAIO)等等強制措施,川普則採取「鼓勵」、「建議」等較軟性的訴求,達成放寬管制的目的。
再如拜登行政命令要求大型開源模型需通報並測試,川普的報告中則鼓勵可信任開源(trustworthy open-source),希望能夠讓 AI 業者自行考慮風險而更自由的創新。
報告中雖然和歐盟一樣,也強調 AI 風險管理,例如要求所有聯邦政府部署 AI 系統前需進行風險評估等,但是雙方在執行上十分不同。比起歐盟《AI 法案》的硬性規範,川普的立場較軟性,像是由國家標準與技術研究院(NIST)將制定 AI 模型測試準則,以及訂定 AI 技術採購準則等,然後鼓勵「可信任 AI 企業」優先獲取標案,以財務誘因而非硬性管制為基調。
報告中也支持創新沙盒與實境測試,以促進 AI 測試與調整、鼓勵產業自訂行為準則、各政府部門也可以自行訂定規範而非遵循單一規範等,都是增加彈性、減少管制、讓產業自行創新的思路。
最後要注意的是,報告和拜登與歐盟一樣,不採取單邊主義思維,而是要加強與 G7、OECD、AI Safety Summit 等國際平台的合作,反對獨裁國家的 AI 治理方式。



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週三發布的計畫概述了一系列政策調整,政府表示這些措施將加速人工智慧的發展,簡化資料中心的建設和供電,並促進美國公司在海外的利益。


該計畫稱,聯邦政府應減少對新資料中心建設的環境監管,並為設施所需員工提供培訓項目。週三簽署的一項行政命令將為資料中心建立快速審批流程。

該用於確保人工智慧系統的建構「考慮到言論和表達自由」。這與保守派長期以來的說法相呼應,即科技公司(包括Facebook和YouTube等線上平台)生產的產品偏向左翼觀點。該計畫指出,政府應鼓勵美國人工智慧工具的出口,並呼籲聯邦機構幫助該產業將人工智慧產品套件銷售到海外,並努力對抗中國對該技術的影響。


該計劃還呼籲政府收集可能阻礙人工智慧創新的法規訊息,並「採取適當行動」。此外,如果某州的法規降低了資金部署的效率,政府將暫停對人工智慧相關項目的資助。


該計劃——以及其中一項行政命令——還呼籲政府將聯邦合約授予「確保其係統客觀」的人工智慧公司。該計畫表示,政府機構應修改人工智慧發展的指導方針,刪除有關多元化、公平和包容性、氣候變遷以及虛假資訊的內容。


“我們將一勞永逸地擺脫‘覺醒’,”川普在演講中說道。 “美國人民不希望人工智慧模型中出現‘覺醒’的馬克思主義瘋狂。”


根據該計劃,聯邦政府的權力應該用於確保人工智慧系統的建構「考慮到言論和表達自由」。這與保守派長期以來的說法相呼應,即科技公司(包括Facebook和YouTube等線上平台)生產的產品偏向左翼觀點。該計畫指出,政府應鼓勵美國人工智慧工具的出口,並呼籲聯邦機構幫助該產業將人工智慧產品套件銷售到海外,並努力對抗中國對該技術的影響。

在演講中,川普點名了出席的政府任命官員和高層,包括他的幕僚長蘇茜·威爾斯(Susie Wiles)和晶片製造商AMD的執行長蘇姿豐(Lisa Su)。他感謝了人工智慧和加密貨幣領域的「沙皇」大衛·薩克斯(David Sacks),以及薩克斯在矽谷熱門播客「All-In」的聯合主持人,他們為週三的活動提供了幫助。川普也多次稱讚了坐在舞台前的英偉達公司(Nvidia)的黃仁勳。


總統還談到了關稅談判、跨性別運動員以及他最近通過的國內政策法案。


“我們要讓這個行業成為絕對的頂尖,因為現在它就像一個剛誕生的漂亮嬰兒,”他談到人工智能時說道,“我們必須培育這個嬰兒,讓它茁壯成長。我們無法阻止它。”


演講結束後,川普從講台走到舞台一側的一張小桌子旁,將簽署後的每項行政命令舉起來。他把簽署其中一項命令時用的筆遞給了薩克斯先生。在祝福觀眾好運後,川普先生離開了舞台。

During his speech, Mr. Trump conducted a roll call of administration appointees and executives in attendance, including his chief of staff, Susie Wiles, and the chief executive of the chipmaker AMD, Lisa Su. He thanked David Sacks, his A.I. and crypto czar, and Mr. Sacks’s co-hosts on “All-In,” a popular podcast in Silicon Valley that helped to put on Wednesday’s event. And Mr. Trump repeatedly praised Nvidia’s Mr. Huang, who was seated in front of the stage.

The president also touched on tariff negotiations, transgender athletes and the recent passage of his domestic policy bill.

“We’re going to make this industry absolutely the top because right now it’s a beautiful baby that’s born,” he said about A.I. “We have to grow that baby and let that baby thrive. We can’t stop it.”

When he was done speaking, Mr. Trump moved from the lectern to the side of the stage and a small desk, holding each executive order up after signing it. He handed the pen he used to sign one of the orders to Mr. Sacks. After wishing the crowd luck, Mr. Trump left the stage.

The plan released on Wednesday outlined a wide range of policy shifts, divided into moves that the administration said would speed up the development of A.I., make it easier to build and power data centers and promote the interests of American companies abroad.

The federal government should impose fewer environmental regulations on the construction of new data centers and support training programs for workers needed to staff the facilities, the plan said. One of the executive orders signed on Wednesday would establish a fast-tracked permitting process for The plan also called for the government to collect information on regulations that could hinder A.I. innovation and “take appropriate action.” It also said it would withhold funding for A.I.-related projects if a state’s regulations made deploying that funding less effective.

The plan — and one of the executive orders — also calls for the government to give federal contracts to A.I. companies that “ensure that their systems are objective.” It said a government agency should revise guidelines for A.I.’s development to remove mentions of diversity, equity and inclusion; climate change; and misinformation.

“Once and for all, we are getting rid of woke,” Mr. Trump said in his speech. “The American people do not want woke Marxist lunacy in the A.I. models.”

The power of the federal government should be used to ensure that A.I. systems are built “with freedom of speech and expression in mind,” according to the plan. That echoes longstanding conservative claims that products produced by tech companies, including online platforms like Facebook and YouTube, favor left-leaning perspectives.

The government should encourage the export of American A.I. tools, the plan said, and called for federal agencies to help the industry sell packages of A.I. products abroad and work to counter China’s influence over the technology.data centers.

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